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deployment-patterns

部署工作流、CI/CD流水线模式、Docker容器化、健康检查、回滚策略以及Web应用程序的生产就绪检查清单。

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name deployment-patterns description 部署工作流、CI/CD流水线模式、Docker容器化、健康检查、回滚策略以及Web应用程序的生产就绪检查清单。 origin ECC 部署模式 生产环境部署工作流和 CI/CD 最佳实践。 何时启用 设置 CI/CD 流水线时 将应用容器化(Docker)时 规划部署策略(蓝绿、金丝雀、滚动)时 实现健康检查和就绪探针时 准备生产发布时 配置环境特定设置时 部署策略 滚动部署(默认) 逐步替换实例——在发布过程中,新旧版本同时运行。 实例 1: v1 → v2 (首次更新) 实例 2: v1 (仍在运行 v1) 实例 3: v1 (仍在运行 v1) 实例 1: v2 实例 2: v1 → v2 (第二次更新) 实例 3: v1 实例 1: v2 实例 2: v2 实例 3: v1 → v2 (最后更新) 优点: 零停机时间,渐进式发布 缺点: 两个版本同时运行——需要向后兼容的更改 适用场景: 标准部署,向后兼容的更改 蓝绿部署 运行两个相同的环境。原子化地切换流量。 Blue (v1) ← 流量 Green (v2) 空闲,运行新版本 # 验证后: Blue (v1) 空闲(转为备用状态) Green (v2) ← 流量 优点: 即时回滚(切换回蓝色环境),切换干净利落 缺点: 部署期间需要双倍的基础设施 适用场景: 关键服务,对问题零容忍 金丝雀部署 首先将一小部分流量路由到新版本。 v1:95% 的流量 v2:5% 的流量(金丝雀) # 如果指标表现良好: v1:50% 的流量 v2:50% 的流量 # 最终: v2:100% 的流量 优点: 在全量发布前,通过真实流量发现问题 缺点: 需要流量分割基础设施和监控 适用场景: 高流量服务,风险性更改,功能标志 Docker 多阶段 Dockerfile (Node.js) # Stage 1: Install dependencies FROM node:22-alpine AS deps WORKDIR /app COPY package.json package-lock.json ./ RUN npm ci --production=false # Stage 2: Build FROM node:22-alpine AS builder WORKDIR /app COPY --from=deps /app/node_modules ./node_modules COPY . . RUN npm run build RUN npm prune --production # Stage 3: Production image FROM node:22-alpine AS runner WORKDIR /app RUN addgroup -g 1001 -S appgroup && adduser -S appuser -u 1001 USER appuser COPY --from=builder --chown=appuser:appgroup /app/node_modules ./node_modules COPY --from=builder --chown=appuser:appgroup /app/dist ./dist COPY --from=builder --chown=appuser:appgroup /app/package.json ./ ENV NODE_ENV=production EXPOSE 3000 HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s --start-period=5s --retries=3 \ CMD wget --no-verbose --tries=1 --spider http://localhost:3000/health || exit 1 CMD ["node", "dist/server.js"] 多阶段 Dockerfile (Go) FROM golang:1.22-alpine AS builder WORKDIR /app COPY go.mod go.sum ./ RUN go mod download COPY . . RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go build -ldflags="-s -w" -o /server ./cmd/server FROM alpine:3.19 AS runner RUN apk --no-cache add ca-certificates RUN adduser -D -u 1001 appuser USER appuser COPY --from=builder /server /server EXPOSE 8080 HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s CMD wget -qO- http://localhost:8080/health || exit 1 CMD ["/server"] 多阶段 Dockerfile (Python/Django) FROM python:3.12-slim AS builder WORKDIR /app RUN pip install --no-cache-dir uv COPY requirements.txt . RUN uv pip install --system --no-cache -r requirements.txt FROM python:3.12-slim AS runner WORKDIR /app RUN useradd -r -u 1001 appuser USER appuser COPY --from=builder /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages COPY --from=builder /usr/local/bin /usr/local/bin COPY . . ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1 EXPOSE 8000 HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s CMD python -c "import urllib.request; urllib.request.urlopen('http://localhost:8000/health/')" || exit 1 CMD ["gunicorn", "config.wsgi:application", "--bind", "0.0.0.0:8000", "--workers", "4"] Docker 最佳实践 # 良好实践 - 使用特定版本标签(node:22-alpine,而非 node:latest) - 采用多阶段构建以最小化镜像体积 - 以非 root 用户身份运行 - 优先复制依赖文件(利用分层缓存) - 使用 .dockerignore 排除 node_modules、.git、tests 等文件 - 添加 HEALTHCHECK 指令 - 在 docker-compose 或 k8s 中设置资源限制 # 不良实践 - 以 root 身份运行 - 使用 :latest 标签 - 在单个 COPY 层中复制整个仓库 - 在生产镜像中安装开发依赖 - 在镜像中存储密钥(应使用环境变量或密钥管理器) CI/CD 流水线 GitHub Actions (标准流水线) name: CI/CD on: push: branches: [ main ] pull_request: branches: [ main ] jobs: test: runs-on: ubuntu-latest steps: - uses: actions/checkout@v4 - uses: actions/setup-node@v4 with: node-version: 22 cache: npm - run: npm ci - run: npm run lint - run: npm run typecheck - run: npm test -- --coverage - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4 if: always() with: name: coverage path: coverage/ build: needs: test runs-on: ubuntu-latest if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' steps: - uses: actions/checkout@v4 - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3 - uses: docker/login-action@v3 with: registry: ghcr.io username: ${{ github.actor }} password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} - uses: docker/build-push-action@v5 with: push: true tags: ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}:${{ github.sha }} cache-from: type=gha cache-to: type=gha,mode=max deploy: needs: build runs-on: ubuntu-latest if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' environment: production steps: - name: Deploy to production run: | # Platform-specific deployment command # Railway: railway up # Vercel: vercel --prod # K8s: kubectl set image deployment/app app=ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}:${{ github.sha }} echo "Deploying ${{ github.sha }}" 流水线阶段 PR 已开启: lint → typecheck → 单元测试 → 集成测试 → 预览部署 合并到 main: lint → typecheck → 单元测试 → 集成测试 → 构建镜像 → 部署到 staging → 冒烟测试 → 部署到 production 健康检查 健康检查端点 // Simple health check app. get ( "/health" , ( req, res ) => { res. status ( 200 ). json ({ status : "ok" }); }); // Detailed health check (for internal monitoring) app. get ( "/health/detailed" , async (req, res) => { const checks = { database : await checkDatabase (), redis : await checkRedis (), externalApi : await checkExternalApi (), }; const allHealthy = Object . values (checks). every ( c => c. status === "ok" ); res. status (allHealthy ? 200 : 503 ). json ({ status : allHealthy ? "ok" : "degraded" , timestamp : new Date (). toISOString (), version : process. env . APP_VERSION || "unknown" , uptime : process. uptime (), checks, }); }); async function checkDatabase ( ): Promise < HealthCheck > { try { await db. query ( "SELECT 1" ); return { status : "ok" , latency_ms : 2 }; } catch (err) { return { status : "error" , message : "Database unreachable" }; } } Kubernetes 探针 livenessProbe: httpGet: path: /health port: 3000 initialDelaySeconds: 10 periodSeconds: 30 failureThreshold: 3 readinessProbe: httpGet: path: /health port: 3000 initialDelaySeconds: 5 periodSeconds: 10 failureThreshold: 2 startupProbe: httpGet: path: /health port: 3000 initialDelaySeconds: 0 periodSeconds: 5 failureThreshold: 30 # 30 * 5s = 150s max startup time 环境配置 十二要素应用模式 # All config via environment variables — never in code DATABASE_URL=postgres://user:pass@host:5432/db REDIS_URL=redis://host:6379/0 API_KEY= ${API_KEY} # injected by secrets manager LOG_LEVEL=info PORT=3000 # Environment-specific behavior NODE_ENV=production # or staging, development APP_ENV=production # explicit app environment 配置验证 import { z } from "zod" ; const envSchema = z. object ({ NODE_ENV : z. enum ([ "development" , "staging" , "production" ]), PORT : z. coerce . number (). default ( 3000 ), DATABASE_URL : z. string (). url (), REDIS_URL : z. string (). url (), JWT_SECRET : z. string (). min ( 32 ), LOG_LEVEL : z. enum ([ "debug" , "info" , "warn" , "error" ]). default ( "info" ), }); // Validate at startup — fail fast if config is wrong export const env = envSchema. parse (process. env ); 回滚策略 即时回滚 # Docker/Kubernetes: point to previous image kubectl rollout undo deployment/app # Vercel: promote previous deployment vercel rollback # Railway: redeploy previous commit railway up --commit <previous-sha> # Database: rollback migration (if reversible) npx prisma migrate resolve --rolled-back <migration-name> 回滚检查清单 [ ] 之前的镜像/制品可用且已标记 [ ] 数据库迁移向后兼容(无破坏性更改) [ ] 功能标志可以在不部署的情况下禁用新功能 [ ] 监控警报已配置,用于错误率飙升 [ ] 在生产发布前,回滚已在预演环境测试 生产就绪检查清单 在任何生产部署之前: 应用 [ ] 所有测试通过(单元、集成、端到端) [ ] 代码或配置文件中没有硬编码的密钥 [ ] 错误处理覆盖所有边缘情况 [ ] 日志是结构化的(JSON)且不包含 PII [ ] 健康检查端点返回有意义的状态 基础设施 [ ] Docker 镜像可重复构建(版本已固定) [ ] 环境变量已记录并在启动时验证 [ ] 资源限制已设置(CPU、内存) [ ] 水平伸缩已配置(最小/最大实例数) [ ] 所有端点均已启用 SSL/TLS 监控 [ ] 应用指标已导出(请求率、延迟、错误) [ ] 已配置错误率超过阈值的警报 [ ] 日志聚合已设置(结构化日志,可搜索) [ ] 健康端点有正常运行时间监控 安全 [ ] 依赖项已扫描 CVE [ ] CORS 仅配置允许的来源 [ ] 公共端点已启用速率限制 [ ] 身份验证和授权已验证 [ ] 安全头已设置(CSP、HSTS、X-Frame-Options) 运维 [ ] 回滚计划已记录并测试 [ ] 数据库迁移已针对生产规模的数据进行测试 [ ] 常见故障场景的应急预案 [ ] 待命轮换和升级路径已定义
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Field Description
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skill_idUnique skill ID
nameSkill name
versionVersion
descriptionDescription
categoryCategories (array)
trigger_wordsTrigger words
tagsTags
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exported_atExported at (set per download)
system_promptSystem prompt body
model_configModel config: provider / model / temperature / max_tokens / top_p
examplesExamples
install_guideImport guide for Coze / Dify / Claude / custom frameworks
The same skill can be exported in different platform formats.
.skill Standard format with system_prompt and model_config, ready for any agent framework Download
.skillpro Enhanced format with scripts, tools, dependencies and hooks Download
.json Plain JSON export with system_prompt and model parameters only Download
Coze Markdown with frontmatter, for Coze platform import Download
Dify Dify DSL, import directly after creating an app Download

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