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laravel-patterns

Laravel架构模式、路由/控制器、Eloquent ORM、服务层、队列、事件、缓存以及用于生产应用的API资源。

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name laravel-patterns description Laravel架构模式、路由/控制器、Eloquent ORM、服务层、队列、事件、缓存以及用于生产应用的API资源。 origin ECC Laravel 开发模式 适用于可扩展、可维护应用的生产级 Laravel 架构模式。 适用场景 构建 Laravel Web 应用或 API 构建控制器、服务和领域逻辑 使用 Eloquent 模型和关系 使用资源和分页设计 API 添加队列、事件、缓存和后台任务 工作原理 围绕清晰的边界(控制器 -> 服务/操作 -> 模型)构建应用。 使用显式绑定和作用域绑定来保持路由可预测;同时仍强制执行授权以实现访问控制。 倾向于使用类型化模型、转换器和作用域来保持领域逻辑一致。 将 IO 密集型工作放在队列中,并缓存昂贵的读取操作。 将配置集中在 config/* 中,并保持环境配置显式化。 示例 项目结构 使用具有清晰层级边界(HTTP、服务/操作、模型)的常规 Laravel 布局。 推荐布局 app/ ├── Actions/ # 单一用途的用例 ├── Console/ ├── Events/ ├── Exceptions/ ├── Http/ │ ├── Controllers/ │ ├── Middleware/ │ ├── Requests/ # 表单请求验证 │ └── Resources/ # API 资源 ├── Jobs/ ├── Models/ ├── Policies/ ├── Providers/ ├── Services/ # 协调领域服务 └── Support/ config/ database/ ├── factories/ ├── migrations/ └── seeders/ resources/ ├── views/ └── lang/ routes/ ├── api.php ├── web.php └── console.php 控制器 -> 服务 -> 操作 保持控制器精简。将编排逻辑放在服务中,将单一职责逻辑放在操作中。 final class CreateOrderAction { public function __construct ( private OrderRepository $orders ) {} public function handle ( CreateOrderData $data ): Order { return $this ->orders-> create ( $data ); } } final class OrdersController extends Controller { public function __construct ( private CreateOrderAction $createOrder ) {} public function store ( StoreOrderRequest $request ): JsonResponse { $order = $this ->createOrder-> handle ( $request -> toDto ()); return response ()-> json ([ 'success' => true , 'data' => OrderResource :: make ( $order ), 'error' => null , 'meta' => null , ], 201 ); } } 路由与控制器 为了清晰起见,优先使用路由模型绑定和资源控制器。 use Illuminate \ Support \ Facades \ Route ; Route :: middleware ( 'auth:sanctum' )-> group (function () { Route :: apiResource ( 'projects' , ProjectController :: class ); }); 路由模型绑定(作用域) 使用作用域绑定来防止跨租户访问。 Route :: scopeBindings ()-> group (function () { Route :: get ( '/accounts/{account}/projects/{project}' , [ ProjectController :: class , 'show' ]); }); 嵌套路由和绑定名称 保持前缀和路径一致,避免双重嵌套(例如 conversation 与 conversations )。 使用与绑定模型匹配的单一参数名(例如, {conversation} 对应 Conversation )。 嵌套时优先使用作用域绑定以强制执行父子关系。 use App \ Http \ Controllers \ Api \ ConversationController ; use App \ Http \ Controllers \ Api \ MessageController ; use Illuminate \ Support \ Facades \ Route ; Route :: middleware ( 'auth:sanctum' )-> prefix ( 'conversations' )-> group (function () { Route :: post ( '/' , [ ConversationController :: class , 'store' ])-> name ( 'conversations.store' ); Route :: scopeBindings ()-> group (function () { Route :: get ( '/{conversation}' , [ ConversationController :: class , 'show' ]) -> name ( 'conversations.show' ); Route :: post ( '/{conversation}/messages' , [ MessageController :: class , 'store' ]) -> name ( 'conversation-messages.store' ); Route :: get ( '/{conversation}/messages/{message}' , [ MessageController :: class , 'show' ]) -> name ( 'conversation-messages.show' ); }); }); 如果希望参数解析为不同的模型类,请定义显式绑定。对于自定义绑定逻辑,请使用 Route::bind() 或在模型上实现 resolveRouteBinding() 。 use App \ Models \ AiConversation ; use Illuminate \ Support \ Facades \ Route ; Route :: model ( 'conversation' , AiConversation :: class ); 服务容器绑定 在服务提供者中将接口绑定到实现,以实现清晰的依赖关系连接。 use App \ Repositories \ EloquentOrderRepository ; use App \ Repositories \ OrderRepository ; use Illuminate \ Support \ ServiceProvider ; final class AppServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider { public function register ( ): void { $this ->app-> bind ( OrderRepository :: class , EloquentOrderRepository :: class ); } } Eloquent 模型模式 模型配置 final class Project extends Model { use HasFactory ; protected $fillable = [ 'name' , 'owner_id' , 'status' ]; protected $casts = [ 'status' => ProjectStatus :: class , 'archived_at' => 'datetime' , ]; public function owner ( ): BelongsTo { return $this -> belongsTo ( User :: class , 'owner_id' ); } public function scopeActive ( Builder $query ): Builder { return $query -> whereNull ( 'archived_at' ); } } 自定义转换器与值对象 使用枚举或值对象进行严格类型化。 use Illuminate \ Database \ Eloquent \ Casts \ Attribute ; protected $casts = [ 'status' => ProjectStatus :: class , ]; protected function budgetCents ( ): Attribute { return Attribute :: make ( get : fn ( int $value ) => Money :: fromCents ( $value ), set: fn ( Money $money ) => $money -> toCents (), ); } 预加载以避免 N+1 问题 $orders = Order :: query () -> with ([ 'customer' , 'items.product' ]) -> latest () -> paginate ( 25 ); 用于复杂筛选的查询对象 final class ProjectQuery { public function __construct ( private Builder $query ) {} public function ownedBy ( int $userId ): self { $query = clone $this ->query; return new self ( $query -> where ( 'owner_id' , $userId )); } public function active ( ): self { $query = clone $this ->query; return new self ( $query -> whereNull ( 'archived_at' )); } public function builder ( ): Builder { return $this ->query; } } 全局作用域与软删除 使用全局作用域进行默认筛选,并使用 SoftDeletes 处理可恢复的记录。 对于同一筛选器,请使用全局作用域或命名作用域中的一种,除非你打算实现分层行为。 use Illuminate \ Database \ Eloquent \ SoftDeletes ; use Illuminate \ Database \ Eloquent \ Builder ; final class Project extends Model { use SoftDeletes ; protected static function booted ( ): void { static :: addGlobalScope ( 'active' , function (Builder $builder ): void { $builder -> whereNull ( 'archived_at' ); }); } } 用于可重用筛选器的查询作用域 use Illuminate \ Database \ Eloquent \ Builder ; final class Project extends Model { public function scopeOwnedBy ( Builder $query , int $userId ): Builder { return $query -> where ( 'owner_id' , $userId ); } } // In service, repository etc. $projects = Project :: ownedBy ( $user ->id)-> get (); 用于多步更新的数据库事务 use Illuminate \ Support \ Facades \ DB ; DB:: transaction (function (): void { $order -> update ([ 'status' => 'paid' ]); $order -> items ()-> update ([ 'paid_at' => now ()]); }); 数据库迁移 命名约定 文件名使用时间戳: YYYY_MM_DD_HHMMSS_create_users_table.php 迁移使用匿名类(无命名类);文件名传达意图 表名默认为 snake_case 且为复数形式 迁移示例 use Illuminate \ Database \ Migrations \ Migration ; use Illuminate \ Database \ Schema \ Blueprint ; use Illuminate \ Support \ Facades \ Schema ; return new class extends Migration { public function up ( ): void { Schema :: create ( 'orders' , function (Blueprint $table ): void { $table -> id (); $table -> foreignId ( 'customer_id' )-> constrained ()-> cascadeOnDelete (); $table -> string ( 'status' , 32 )-> index (); $table -> unsignedInteger ( 'total_cents' ); $table -> timestamps (); }); } public function down ( ): void { Schema :: dropIfExists ( 'orders' ); } }; 表单请求与验证 将验证逻辑放在表单请求中,并将输入转换为 DTO。 use App \ Models \ Order ; final class StoreOrderRequest extends FormRequest { public function authorize ( ): bool { return $this -> user ()?-> can ( 'create' , Order :: class ) ?? false ; } public function rules ( ): array { return [ 'customer_id' => [ 'required' , 'integer' , 'exists:customers,id' ], 'items' => [ 'required' , 'array' , 'min:1' ], 'items.*.sku' => [ 'required' , 'string' ], 'items.*.quantity' => [ 'required' , 'integer' , 'min:1' ], ]; } public function toDto ( ): CreateOrderData { return new CreateOrderData ( customerId: ( int ) $this -> validated ( 'customer_id' ), items: $this -> validated ( 'items' ), ); } } API 资源 使用资源和分页保持 API 响应一致。 $projects = Project :: query ()-> active ()-> paginate ( 25 ); return response ()-> json ([ 'success' => true , 'data' => ProjectResource :: collection ( $projects -> items ()), 'error' => null , 'meta' => [ 'page' => $projects -> currentPage (), 'per_page' => $projects -> perPage (), 'total' => $projects -> total (), ], ]); 事件、任务和队列 为副作用(邮件、分析)触发领域事件 使用队列任务处理耗时工作(报告、导出、Webhook) 优先使用具有重试和退避机制的幂等处理器 缓存 缓存读密集型端点和昂贵查询 在模型事件(创建/更新/删除)时使缓存失效 缓存相关数据时使用标签以便于失效 配置与环境 将机密信息保存在 .env 中,将配置保存在 config/*.php 中 使用按环境配置覆盖,并在生产环境中使用 config:cache
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