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postgres-patterns

用于查询优化、模式设计、索引和安全性的PostgreSQL数据库模式。基于Supabase最佳实践。

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name postgres-patterns description 用于查询优化、模式设计、索引和安全性的PostgreSQL数据库模式。基于Supabase最佳实践。 origin ECC PostgreSQL 模式 PostgreSQL 最佳实践快速参考。如需详细指导,请使用 database-reviewer 智能体。 何时激活 编写 SQL 查询或迁移时 设计数据库模式时 排查慢查询时 实施行级安全性时 设置连接池时 快速参考 索引速查表 查询模式 索引类型 示例 WHERE col = value B-tree(默认) CREATE INDEX idx ON t (col) WHERE col > value B-tree CREATE INDEX idx ON t (col) WHERE a = x AND b > y 复合索引 CREATE INDEX idx ON t (a, b) WHERE jsonb @> '{}' GIN CREATE INDEX idx ON t USING gin (col) WHERE tsv @@ query GIN CREATE INDEX idx ON t USING gin (col) 时间序列范围查询 BRIN CREATE INDEX idx ON t USING brin (col) 数据类型快速参考 使用场景 正确类型 避免使用 ID bigint int ,随机 UUID 字符串 text varchar(255) 时间戳 timestamptz timestamp 货币 numeric(10,2) float 标志位 boolean varchar , int 常见模式 复合索引顺序: -- Equality columns first, then range columns CREATE INDEX idx ON orders (status, created_at); -- Works for: WHERE status = 'pending' AND created_at > '2024-01-01' 覆盖索引: CREATE INDEX idx ON users (email) INCLUDE (name, created_at); -- Avoids table lookup for SELECT email, name, created_at 部分索引: CREATE INDEX idx ON users (email) WHERE deleted_at IS NULL ; -- Smaller index, only includes active users RLS 策略(优化版): CREATE POLICY policy ON orders USING (( SELECT auth.uid()) = user_id); -- Wrap in SELECT! UPSERT: INSERT INTO settings (user_id, key, value ) VALUES ( 123 , 'theme' , 'dark' ) ON CONFLICT (user_id, key) DO UPDATE SET value = EXCLUDED.value; 游标分页: SELECT * FROM products WHERE id > $last_id ORDER BY id LIMIT 20 ; -- O(1) vs OFFSET which is O(n) 队列处理: UPDATE jobs SET status = 'processing' WHERE id = ( SELECT id FROM jobs WHERE status = 'pending' ORDER BY created_at LIMIT 1 FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED ) RETURNING * ; 反模式检测** -- Find unindexed foreign keys SELECT conrelid::regclass, a.attname FROM pg_constraint c JOIN pg_attribute a ON a.attrelid = c.conrelid AND a.attnum = ANY (c.conkey) WHERE c.contype = 'f' AND NOT EXISTS ( SELECT 1 FROM pg_index i WHERE i.indrelid = c.conrelid AND a.attnum = ANY (i.indkey) ); -- Find slow queries SELECT query, mean_exec_time, calls FROM pg_stat_statements WHERE mean_exec_time > 100 ORDER BY mean_exec_time DESC ; -- Check table bloat SELECT relname, n_dead_tup, last_vacuum FROM pg_stat_user_tables WHERE n_dead_tup > 1000 ORDER BY n_dead_tup DESC ; 配置模板 -- Connection limits (adjust for RAM) ALTER SYSTEM SET max_connections = 100 ; ALTER SYSTEM SET work_mem = '8MB' ; -- Timeouts ALTER SYSTEM SET idle_in_transaction_session_timeout = '30s' ; ALTER SYSTEM SET statement_timeout = '30s' ; -- Monitoring CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS pg_stat_statements; -- Security defaults REVOKE ALL ON SCHEMA public FROM public; SELECT pg_reload_conf(); 相关 智能体: database-reviewer - 完整的数据库审查工作流 技能: clickhouse-io - ClickHouse 分析模式 技能: backend-patterns - API 和后端模式 基于 Supabase 代理技能(致谢:Supabase 团队)(MIT 许可证)
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