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springboot-security

Java Spring Boot 服务中认证/授权、验证、CSRF、密钥、标头、速率限制和依赖安全性的 Spring Security 最佳实践。

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name springboot-security description Java Spring Boot 服务中认证/授权、验证、CSRF、密钥、标头、速率限制和依赖安全性的 Spring Security 最佳实践。 origin ECC Spring Boot 安全审查 在添加身份验证、处理输入、创建端点或处理密钥时使用。 何时激活 添加身份验证(JWT、OAuth2、基于会话) 实现授权(@PreAuthorize、基于角色的访问控制) 验证用户输入(Bean Validation、自定义验证器) 配置 CORS、CSRF 或安全标头 管理密钥(Vault、环境变量) 添加速率限制或暴力破解防护 扫描依赖项以查找 CVE 身份验证 优先使用无状态 JWT 或带有撤销列表的不透明令牌 对于会话,使用 httpOnly 、 Secure 、 SameSite=Strict cookie 使用 OncePerRequestFilter 或资源服务器验证令牌 @Component public class JwtAuthFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter { private final JwtService jwtService; public JwtAuthFilter (JwtService jwtService) { this .jwtService = jwtService; } @Override protected void doFilterInternal (HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException { String header = request.getHeader(HttpHeaders.AUTHORIZATION); if (header != null && header.startsWith( "Bearer " )) { String token = header.substring( 7 ); Authentication auth = jwtService.authenticate(token); SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(auth); } chain.doFilter(request, response); } } 授权 启用方法安全: @EnableMethodSecurity 使用 @PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')") 或 @PreAuthorize("@authz.canEdit(#id)") 默认拒绝;仅公开必需的 scope @RestController @RequestMapping("/api/admin") public class AdminController { @PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')") @GetMapping("/users") public List<UserDto> listUsers () { return userService.findAll(); } @PreAuthorize("@authz.isOwner(#id, authentication)") @DeleteMapping("/users/{id}") public ResponseEntity<Void> deleteUser ( @PathVariable Long id) { userService.delete(id); return ResponseEntity.noContent().build(); } } 输入验证 在控制器上使用带有 @Valid 的 Bean 验证 在 DTO 上应用约束: @NotBlank 、 @Email 、 @Size 、自定义验证器 在渲染之前使用白名单清理任何 HTML // BAD: No validation @PostMapping("/users") public User createUser ( @RequestBody UserDto dto) { return userService.create(dto); } // GOOD: Validated DTO public record CreateUserDto ( @NotBlank @Size(max = 100) String name, @NotBlank @Email String email, @NotNull @Min(0) @Max(150) Integer age ) {} @PostMapping("/users") public ResponseEntity<UserDto> createUser ( @Valid @RequestBody CreateUserDto dto) { return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.CREATED) .body(userService.create(dto)); } SQL 注入预防 使用 Spring Data 存储库或参数化查询 对于原生查询,使用 :param 绑定;切勿拼接字符串 // BAD: String concatenation in native query @Query(value = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = '" + name + "'", nativeQuery = true) // GOOD: Parameterized native query @Query(value = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = :name", nativeQuery = true) List<User> findByName ( @Param("name") String name) ; // GOOD: Spring Data derived query (auto-parameterized) List<User> findByEmailAndActiveTrue (String email) ; 密码编码 始终使用 BCrypt 或 Argon2 哈希密码——切勿存储明文 使用 PasswordEncoder Bean,而非手动哈希 @Bean public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder () { return new BCryptPasswordEncoder ( 12 ); // cost factor 12 } // In service public User register (CreateUserDto dto) { String hashedPassword = passwordEncoder.encode(dto.password()); return userRepository.save( new User (dto.email(), hashedPassword)); } CSRF 保护 对于浏览器会话应用程序,保持 CSRF 启用;在表单/头中包含令牌 对于使用 Bearer 令牌的纯 API,禁用 CSRF 并依赖无状态身份验证 http .csrf(csrf -> csrf.disable()) .sessionManagement(sm -> sm.sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS)); 密钥管理 源代码中不包含密钥;从环境变量或 vault 加载 保持 application.yml 不包含凭据;使用占位符 定期轮换令牌和数据库凭据 # BAD: Hardcoded in application.yml spring: datasource: password: mySecretPassword123 # GOOD: Environment variable placeholder spring: datasource: password: ${DB_PASSWORD} # GOOD: Spring Cloud Vault integration spring: cloud: vault: uri: https://vault.example.com token: ${VAULT_TOKEN} 安全头 http .headers(headers -> headers .contentSecurityPolicy(csp -> csp .policyDirectives( "default-src 'self'" )) .frameOptions(HeadersConfigurer.FrameOptionsConfig::sameOrigin) .xssProtection(Customizer.withDefaults()) .referrerPolicy(rp -> rp.policy(ReferrerPolicyHeaderWriter.ReferrerPolicy.NO_REFERRER))); CORS 配置 在安全过滤器级别配置 CORS,而非按控制器配置 限制允许的来源——在生产环境中切勿使用 * @Bean public CorsConfigurationSource corsConfigurationSource () { CorsConfiguration config = new CorsConfiguration (); config.setAllowedOrigins(List.of( "https://app.example.com" )); config.setAllowedMethods(List.of( "GET" , "POST" , "PUT" , "DELETE" )); config.setAllowedHeaders(List.of( "Authorization" , "Content-Type" )); config.setAllowCredentials( true ); config.setMaxAge( 3600L ); UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource source = new UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource (); source.registerCorsConfiguration( "/api/**" , config); return source; } // In SecurityFilterChain: http.cors(cors -> cors.configurationSource(corsConfigurationSource())); 速率限制 在昂贵的端点上应用 Bucket4j 或网关级限制 记录突发流量并告警;返回 429 并提供重试提示 // Using Bucket4j for per-endpoint rate limiting @Component public class RateLimitFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter { private final Map<String, Bucket> buckets = new ConcurrentHashMap <>(); private Bucket createBucket () { return Bucket.builder() .addLimit(Bandwidth.classic( 100 , Refill.intervally( 100 , Duration.ofMinutes( 1 )))) .build(); } @Override protected void doFilterInternal (HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException { String clientIp = request.getRemoteAddr(); Bucket bucket = buckets.computeIfAbsent(clientIp, k -> createBucket()); if (bucket.tryConsume( 1 )) { chain.doFilter(request, response); } else { response.setStatus(HttpStatus.TOO_MANY_REQUESTS.value()); response.getWriter().write( "{\"error\": \"Rate limit exceeded\"}" ); } } } 依赖项安全 在 CI 中运行 OWASP Dependency Check / Snyk 保持 Spring Boot 和 Spring Security 在受支持的版本 对已知 CVE 使构建失败 日志记录和 PII 切勿记录密钥、令牌、密码或完整的 PAN 数据 擦除敏感字段;使用结构化 JSON 日志记录 文件上传 验证大小、内容类型和扩展名 存储在 Web 根目录之外;如果需要则进行扫描 发布前检查清单 [ ] 身份验证令牌已验证并正确过期 [ ] 每个敏感路径都有授权守卫 [ ] 所有输入都已验证和清理 [ ] 没有字符串拼接的 SQL [ ] CSRF 策略适用于应用程序类型 [ ] 密钥已外部化;未提交任何密钥 [ ] 安全头已配置 [ ] API 有速率限制 [ ] 依赖项已扫描并保持最新 [ ] 日志不包含敏感数据 记住 :默认拒绝、验证输入、最小权限、优先采用安全配置。
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examplesExamples
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