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postgres-patterns

PostgreSQL database patterns for query optimization, schema design, indexing, and security. Based on Supabase best practices.

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name postgres-patterns description PostgreSQL database patterns for query optimization, schema design, indexing, and security. Based on Supabase best practices. PostgreSQL 模式 PostgreSQL 最佳實務快速參考。詳細指南請使用 database-reviewer agent。 何時啟用 撰寫 SQL 查詢或 migrations 設計資料庫 schema 疑難排解慢查詢 實作 Row Level Security 設定連線池 快速參考 索引速查表 查詢模式 索引類型 範例 WHERE col = value B-tree(預設) CREATE INDEX idx ON t (col) WHERE col > value B-tree CREATE INDEX idx ON t (col) WHERE a = x AND b > y 複合 CREATE INDEX idx ON t (a, b) WHERE jsonb @> '{}' GIN CREATE INDEX idx ON t USING gin (col) WHERE tsv @@ query GIN CREATE INDEX idx ON t USING gin (col) 時間序列範圍 BRIN CREATE INDEX idx ON t USING brin (col) 資料類型快速參考 使用情況 正確類型 避免 IDs bigint int 、隨機 UUID 字串 text varchar(255) 時間戳 timestamptz timestamp 金額 numeric(10,2) float 旗標 boolean varchar 、 int 常見模式 複合索引順序: -- 等值欄位優先,然後是範圍欄位 CREATE INDEX idx ON orders (status, created_at); -- 適用於:WHERE status = 'pending' AND created_at > '2024-01-01' 覆蓋索引: CREATE INDEX idx ON users (email) INCLUDE (name, created_at); -- 避免 SELECT email, name, created_at 時的表格查詢 部分索引: CREATE INDEX idx ON users (email) WHERE deleted_at IS NULL ; -- 更小的索引,只包含活躍使用者 RLS 政策(優化): CREATE POLICY policy ON orders USING (( SELECT auth.uid()) = user_id); -- 用 SELECT 包裝! UPSERT: INSERT INTO settings (user_id, key, value ) VALUES ( 123 , 'theme' , 'dark' ) ON CONFLICT (user_id, key) DO UPDATE SET value = EXCLUDED.value; 游標分頁: SELECT * FROM products WHERE id > $last_id ORDER BY id LIMIT 20 ; -- O(1) vs OFFSET 是 O(n) 佇列處理: UPDATE jobs SET status = 'processing' WHERE id = ( SELECT id FROM jobs WHERE status = 'pending' ORDER BY created_at LIMIT 1 FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED ) RETURNING * ; 反模式偵測 -- 找出未建索引的外鍵 SELECT conrelid::regclass, a.attname FROM pg_constraint c JOIN pg_attribute a ON a.attrelid = c.conrelid AND a.attnum = ANY (c.conkey) WHERE c.contype = 'f' AND NOT EXISTS ( SELECT 1 FROM pg_index i WHERE i.indrelid = c.conrelid AND a.attnum = ANY (i.indkey) ); -- 找出慢查詢 SELECT query, mean_exec_time, calls FROM pg_stat_statements WHERE mean_exec_time > 100 ORDER BY mean_exec_time DESC ; -- 檢查表格膨脹 SELECT relname, n_dead_tup, last_vacuum FROM pg_stat_user_tables WHERE n_dead_tup > 1000 ORDER BY n_dead_tup DESC ; 設定範本 -- 連線限制(依 RAM 調整) ALTER SYSTEM SET max_connections = 100 ; ALTER SYSTEM SET work_mem = '8MB' ; -- 逾時 ALTER SYSTEM SET idle_in_transaction_session_timeout = '30s' ; ALTER SYSTEM SET statement_timeout = '30s' ; -- 監控 CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS pg_stat_statements; -- 安全預設值 REVOKE ALL ON SCHEMA public FROM public; SELECT pg_reload_conf(); 相關 Agent: database-reviewer - 完整資料庫審查工作流程 Skill: clickhouse-io - ClickHouse 分析模式 Skill: backend-patterns - API 和後端模式 基於 [Supabase Agent Skills](Supabase Agent Skills (credit: Supabase team))(MIT 授權)
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