embedded-iot

name embedded-iot description Embedded systems firmware, microcontrollers (ESP32, STM32, Arduino, Raspberry Pi), RTOS (FreeRTOS, Zephyr), IoT protocols (MQTT, CoAP, BLE), bare-metal C/C++, and hardware peripheral interfaces (I2C, SPI, UART, GPIO). Use when developing firmware, working with microcontrollers, or building IoT devices. Embedded Systems & IoT Microcontroller Platforms Platform Best For Language IDE ESP32 WiFi/BLE IoT devices C/C++, MicroPython PlatformIO, Arduino IDE STM32 Industrial, real-time C/C++ STM32CubeIDE, PlatformIO Arduino Prototyping, learning C++ (Arduino) Arduino IDE, PlatformIO Raspberry Pi Pico RP2040, dual-core C/C++, MicroPython Thonny, VS Code nRF52 BLE-focused IoT C, Zephyr nRF Connect SDK Firmware Patterns GPIO & Peripherals // ESP-IDF GPIO example gpio_config_t io_conf = { .pin_bit_mask = ( 1ULL << GPIO_NUM_2), .mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT, .pull_up_en = GPIO_PULLUP_DISABLE, .pull_down_en = GPIO_PULLDOWN_DISABLE, .intr_type = GPIO_INTR_DISABLE, }; gpio_config(&io_conf); gpio_set_level(GPIO_NUM_2, 1 ); I2C Communication // Read sensor via I2C i2c_cmd_handle_t cmd = i2c_cmd_link_create(); i2c_master_start(cmd); i2c_master_write_byte(cmd, (SENSOR_ADDR << 1 ) | I2C_MASTER_WRITE, true ); i2c_master_write_byte(cmd, REG_TEMP, true ); i2c_master_start(cmd); i2c_master_write_byte(cmd, (SENSOR_ADDR << 1 ) | I2C_MASTER_READ, true ); i2c_master_read(cmd, data, 2 , I2C_MASTER_LAST_NACK); i2c_master_stop(cmd); i2c_master_cmd_begin(I2C_NUM_0, cmd, pdMS_TO_TICKS( 1000 )); i2c_cmd_link_delete(cmd); RTOS (FreeRTOS) // Task creation void sensor_task ( void *pvParameters) { while ( 1 ) { float temp = read_temperature(); xQueueSend(data_queue, &temp, portMAX_DELAY); vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS( 1000 )); } } xTaskCreate(sensor_task, "sensor" , 4096 , NULL , 5 , NULL ); // Mutex for shared resources SemaphoreHandle_t spi_mutex = xSemaphoreCreateMutex(); if (xSemaphoreTake(spi_mutex, pdMS_TO_TICKS( 100 )) == pdTRUE) { spi_transfer(data); xSemaphoreGive(spi_mutex); } IoT Protocols MQTT // ESP-IDF MQTT client esp_mqtt_client_config_t mqtt_cfg = { .broker.address.uri = "mqtt://broker.hivemq.com" , }; esp_mqtt_client_handle_t client = esp_mqtt_client_init(&mqtt_cfg); esp_mqtt_client_start(client); esp_mqtt_client_publish(client, "/sensors/temp" , "23.5" , 0 , 1 , 0 ); Key IoT Protocols Protocol Transport Use Case MQTT TCP/TLS Pub/sub messaging, telemetry CoAP UDP/DTLS Constrained devices, REST-like BLE Radio Short-range, low power LoRaWAN Radio Long-range, low data rate Matter IP Smart home interoperability Best Practices Power management: Deep sleep modes, wake-on-interrupt, duty cycling Watchdog timers: Always enable, reset periodically, catch firmware hangs OTA updates: Dual partition scheme, rollback on boot failure, signature verification Memory: Static allocation preferred, avoid heap fragmentation, use memory pools Testing: Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL), mock hardware interfaces for unit tests