springboot-tdd

name springboot-tdd description 使用JUnit 5、Mockito、MockMvc、Testcontainers和JaCoCo进行Spring Boot的测试驱动开发。适用于添加功能、修复错误或重构时。 origin ECC Spring Boot TDD 工作流程 适用于 Spring Boot 服务、覆盖率 80%+（单元 + 集成）的 TDD 指南。 何时使用 新功能或端点 错误修复或重构 添加数据访问逻辑或安全规则 工作流程 先写测试（它们应该失败） 实现最小代码以通过测试 在测试通过后进行重构 强制覆盖率（JaCoCo） 单元测试 (JUnit 5 + Mockito) @ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class) class MarketServiceTest { @Mock MarketRepository repo; @InjectMocks MarketService service; @Test void createsMarket () { CreateMarketRequest req = new CreateMarketRequest ( "name" , "desc" , Instant.now(), List.of( "cat" )); when (repo.save(any())).thenAnswer(inv -> inv.getArgument( 0 )); Market result = service.create(req); assertThat(result.name()).isEqualTo( "name" ); verify(repo).save(any()); } } 模式： Arrange-Act-Assert 避免部分模拟；优先使用显式桩 使用 @ParameterizedTest 处理变体 Web 层测试 (MockMvc) @WebMvcTest(MarketController.class) class MarketControllerTest { @Autowired MockMvc mockMvc; @MockBean MarketService marketService; @Test void returnsMarkets () throws Exception { when (marketService.list(any())).thenReturn(Page.empty()); mockMvc.perform(get( "/api/markets" )) .andExpect(status().isOk()) .andExpect(jsonPath( "$.content" ).isArray()); } } 集成测试 (SpringBootTest) @SpringBootTest @AutoConfigureMockMvc @ActiveProfiles("test") class MarketIntegrationTest { @Autowired MockMvc mockMvc; @Test void createsMarket () throws Exception { mockMvc.perform(post( "/api/markets" ) .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON) .content( """ {"name":"Test","description":"Desc","endDate":"2030-01-01T00:00:00Z","categories":["general"]} """ )) .andExpect(status().isCreated()); } } 持久层测试 (DataJpaTest) @DataJpaTest @AutoConfigureTestDatabase(replace = AutoConfigureTestDatabase.Replace.NONE) @Import(TestContainersConfig.class) class MarketRepositoryTest { @Autowired MarketRepository repo; @Test void savesAndFinds () { MarketEntity entity = new MarketEntity (); entity.setName( "Test" ); repo.save(entity); Optional<MarketEntity> found = repo.findByName( "Test" ); assertThat(found).isPresent(); } } Testcontainers 对 Postgres/Redis 使用可复用的容器以镜像生产环境 通过 @DynamicPropertySource 连接，将 JDBC URL 注入 Spring 上下文 覆盖率 (JaCoCo) Maven 片段： < plugin > < groupId > org.jacoco </ groupId > < artifactId > jacoco-maven-plugin </ artifactId > < version > 0.8.14 </ version > < executions > < execution > < goals > < goal > prepare-agent </ goal > </ goals > </ execution > < execution > < id > report </ id > < phase > verify </ phase > < goals > < goal > report </ goal > </ goals > </ execution > </ executions > </ plugin > 断言 为可读性，优先使用 AssertJ ( assertThat ) 对于 JSON 响应，使用 jsonPath 对于异常： assertThatThrownBy(...) 测试数据构建器 class MarketBuilder { private String name = "Test" ; MarketBuilder withName (String name) { this .name = name; return this ; } Market build () { return new Market ( null , name, MarketStatus.ACTIVE); } } CI 命令 Maven: mvn -T 4 test 或 mvn verify Gradle: ./gradlew test jacocoTestReport 记住 ：保持测试快速、隔离且确定。测试行为，而非实现细节。