django-patterns

name django-patterns description Django architecture patterns, REST API design with DRF, ORM best practices, caching, signals, middleware, and production-grade Django apps. origin ECC Django Development Patterns Production-grade Django architecture patterns for scalable, maintainable applications. When to Activate Building Django web applications Designing Django REST Framework APIs Working with Django ORM and models Setting up Django project structure Implementing caching, signals, middleware Project Structure Recommended Layout myproject/ ├── config/ │ ├── __init__.py │ ├── settings/ │ │ ├── __init__.py │ │ ├── base.py # Base settings │ │ ├── development.py # Dev settings │ │ ├── production.py # Production settings │ │ └── test.py # Test settings │ ├── urls.py │ ├── wsgi.py │ └── asgi.py ├── manage.py └── apps/ ├── __init__.py ├── users/ │ ├── __init__.py │ ├── models.py │ ├── views.py │ ├── serializers.py │ ├── urls.py │ ├── permissions.py │ ├── filters.py │ ├── services.py │ └── tests/ └── products/ └── ... Split Settings Pattern # config/settings/base.py from pathlib import Path BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent.parent SECRET_KEY = env( 'DJANGO_SECRET_KEY' ) DEBUG = False ALLOWED_HOSTS = [] INSTALLED_APPS = [ 'django.contrib.admin' , 'django.contrib.auth' , 'django.contrib.contenttypes' , 'django.contrib.sessions' , 'django.contrib.messages' , 'django.contrib.staticfiles' , 'rest_framework' , 'rest_framework.authtoken' , 'corsheaders' , # Local apps 'apps.users' , 'apps.products' , ] MIDDLEWARE = [ 'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware' , 'whitenoise.middleware.WhiteNoiseMiddleware' , 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware' , 'corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware' , 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware' , 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware' , 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware' , 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware' , 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware' , ] ROOT_URLCONF = 'config.urls' WSGI_APPLICATION = 'config.wsgi.application' DATABASES = { 'default' : { 'ENGINE' : 'django.db.backends.postgresql' , 'NAME' : env( 'DB_NAME' ), 'USER' : env( 'DB_USER' ), 'PASSWORD' : env( 'DB_PASSWORD' ), 'HOST' : env( 'DB_HOST' ), 'PORT' : env( 'DB_PORT' , default= '5432' ), } } # config/settings/development.py from .base import * DEBUG = True ALLOWED_HOSTS = [ 'localhost' , '127.0.0.1' ] DATABASES[ 'default' ][ 'NAME' ] = 'myproject_dev' INSTALLED_APPS += [ 'debug_toolbar' ] MIDDLEWARE += [ 'debug_toolbar.middleware.DebugToolbarMiddleware' ] EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.console.EmailBackend' # config/settings/production.py from .base import * DEBUG = False ALLOWED_HOSTS = env. list ( 'ALLOWED_HOSTS' ) SECURE_SSL_REDIRECT = True SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE = True CSRF_COOKIE_SECURE = True SECURE_HSTS_SECONDS = 31536000 SECURE_HSTS_INCLUDE_SUBDOMAINS = True SECURE_HSTS_PRELOAD = True # Logging LOGGING = { 'version' : 1 , 'disable_existing_loggers' : False , 'handlers' : { 'file' : { 'level' : 'WARNING' , 'class' : 'logging.FileHandler' , 'filename' : '/var/log/django/django.log' , }, }, 'loggers' : { 'django' : { 'handlers' : [ 'file' ], 'level' : 'WARNING' , 'propagate' : True , }, }, } Model Design Patterns Model Best Practices from django.db import models from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser from django.core.validators import MinValueValidator, MaxValueValidator class User ( AbstractUser ): """Custom user model extending AbstractUser.""" email = models.EmailField(unique= True ) phone = models.CharField(max_length= 20 , blank= True ) birth_date = models.DateField(null= True , blank= True ) USERNAME_FIELD = 'email' REQUIRED_FIELDS = [ 'username' ] class Meta : db_table = 'users' verbose_name = 'user' verbose_name_plural = 'users' ordering = [ '-date_joined' ] def __str__ ( self ): return self .email def get_full_name ( self ): return f" {self.first_name} {self.last_name} " .strip() class Product (models.Model): """Product model with proper field configuration.""" name = models.CharField(max_length= 200 ) slug = models.SlugField(unique= True , max_length= 250 ) description = models.TextField(blank= True ) price = models.DecimalField( max_digits= 10 , decimal_places= 2 , validators=[MinValueValidator( 0 )] ) stock = models.PositiveIntegerField(default= 0 ) is_active = models.BooleanField(default= True ) category = models.ForeignKey( 'Category' , on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name= 'products' ) tags = models.ManyToManyField( 'Tag' , blank= True , related_name= 'products' ) created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add= True ) updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now= True ) class Meta : db_table = 'products' ordering = [ '-created_at' ] indexes = [ models.Index(fields=[ 'slug' ]), models.Index(fields=[ '-created_at' ]), models.Index(fields=[ 'category' , 'is_active' ]), ] constraints = [ models.CheckConstraint( check=models.Q(price__gte= 0 ), name= 'price_non_negative' ) ] def __str__ ( self ): return self .name def save ( self, *args, **kwargs ): if not self .slug: self .slug = slugify( self .name) super ().save(*args, **kwargs) QuerySet Best Practices from django.db import models class ProductQuerySet (models.QuerySet): """Custom QuerySet for Product model.""" def active ( self ): """Return only active products.""" return self . filter (is_active= True ) def with_category ( self ): """Select related category to avoid N+1 queries.""" return self .select_related( 'category' ) def with_tags ( self ): """Prefetch tags for many-to-many relationship.""" return self .prefetch_related( 'tags' ) def in_stock ( self ): """Return products with stock > 0.""" return self . filter (stock__gt= 0 ) def search ( self, query ): """Search products by name or description.""" return self . filter ( models.Q(name__icontains=query) | models.Q(description__icontains=query) ) class Product (models.Model): # ... fields ... objects = ProductQuerySet.as_manager() # Use custom QuerySet # Usage Product.objects.active().with_category().in_stock() Manager Methods class ProductManager (models.Manager): """Custom manager for complex queries.""" def get_or_none ( self, **kwargs ): """Return object or None instead of DoesNotExist.""" try : return self .get(**kwargs) except self .model.DoesNotExist: return None def create_with_tags ( self, name, price, tag_names ): """Create product with associated tags.""" product = self .create(name=name, price=price) tags = [Tag.objects.get_or_create(name=name)[ 0 ] for name in tag_names] product.tags. set (tags) return product def bulk_update_stock ( self, product_ids, quantity ): """Bulk update stock for multiple products.""" return self . filter (id__in=product_ids).update(stock=quantity) # In model class Product (models.Model): # ... fields ... custom = ProductManager() Django REST Framework Patterns Serializer Patterns from rest_framework import serializers from django.contrib.auth.password_validation import validate_password from .models import Product, User class ProductSerializer (serializers.ModelSerializer): """Serializer for Product model.""" category_name = serializers.CharField(source= 'category.name' , read_only= True ) average_rating = serializers.FloatField(read_only= True ) discount_price = serializers.SerializerMethodField() class Meta : model = Product fields = [ 'id' , 'name' , 'slug' , 'description' , 'price' , 'discount_price' , 'stock' , 'category_name' , 'average_rating' , 'created_at' ] read_only_fields = [ 'id' , 'slug' , 'created_at' ] def get_discount_price ( self, obj ): """Calculate discount price if applicable.""" if hasattr (obj, 'discount' ) and obj.discount: return obj.price * ( 1 - obj.discount.percent / 100 ) return obj.price def validate_price ( self, value ): """Ensure price is non-negative.""" if value < 0 : raise serializers.ValidationError( "Price cannot be negative." ) return value class ProductCreateSerializer (serializers.ModelSerializer): """Serializer for creating products.""" class Meta : model = Product fields = [ 'name' , 'description' , 'price' , 'stock' , 'category' ] def validate ( self, data ): """Custom validation for multiple fields.""" if data[ 'price' ] > 10000 and data[ 'stock' ] > 100 : raise serializers.ValidationError( "Cannot have high-value products with large stock." ) return data class UserRegistrationSerializer (serializers.ModelSerializer): """Serializer for user registration.""" password = serializers.CharField( write_only= True , required= True , validators=[validate_password], style={ 'input_type' : 'password' } ) password_confirm = serializers.CharField(write_only= True , style={ 'input_type' : 'password' }) class Meta : model = User fields = [ 'email' , 'username' , 'password' , 'password_confirm' ] def validate ( self, data ): """Validate passwords match.""" if data[ 'password' ] != data[ 'password_confirm' ]: raise serializers.ValidationError({ "password_confirm" : "Password fields didn't match." }) return data def create ( self, validated_data ): """Create user with hashed password.""" validated_data.pop( 'password_confirm' ) password = validated_data.pop( 'password' ) user = User.objects.create(**validated_data) user.set_password(password) user.save() return user ViewSet Patterns from rest_framework import viewsets, status, filters from rest_framework.decorators import action from rest_framework.response import Response from rest_framework.permissions import IsAuthenticated, IsAdminUser from django_filters.rest_framework import DjangoFilterBackend from .models import Product from .serializers import ProductSerializer, ProductCreateSerializer from .permissions import IsOwnerOrReadOnly from .filters import ProductFilter from .services import ProductService class ProductViewSet (viewsets.ModelViewSet): """ViewSet for Product model.""" queryset = Product.objects.select_related( 'category' ).prefetch_related( 'tags' ) permission_classes = [IsAuthenticated, IsOwnerOrReadOnly] filter_backends = [DjangoFilterBackend, filters.SearchFilter, filters.OrderingFilter] filterset_class = ProductFilter search_fields = [ 'name' , 'description' ] ordering_fields = [ 'price' , 'created_at' , 'name' ] ordering = [ '-created_at' ] def get_serializer_class ( self ): """Return appropriate serializer based on action.""" if self .action == 'create' : return ProductCreateSerializer return ProductSerializer def perform_create ( self, serializer ): """Save with user context.""" serializer.save(created_by= self .request.user) @action( detail= False , methods=[ 'get' ] ) def featured ( self, request ): """Return featured products.""" featured = self .queryset. filter (is_featured= True )[: 10 ] serializer = self .get_serializer(featured, many= True ) return Response(serializer.data)